01
Thesis & argument
A thesis should answer the prompt and make a claim that needs support.
- Be specific enough to guide the essay.
- Avoid simply restating the prompt.
- Let body paragraphs develop reasons or lines of reasoning.
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English & Writing
Writing, grammar, reading analysis, research, and revision resources for stronger schoolwork.
CORE TOPICS
Build the foundation.
These are concise review notes—not a replacement for your course textbook or teacher’s instructions.
02
Evidence & analysis
Evidence matters only when the reader understands why it supports the claim.
- Introduce evidence with enough context.
- Explain how the evidence connects to the claim.
- Distinguish summary from analysis.
03
Paragraph structure
Use structure to make reasoning easy to follow, not to force every paragraph into the same template.
- Topic sentence establishes the paragraph’s purpose.
- Evidence supports the point.
- Analysis explains significance and connection.
04
Grammar & sentence boundaries
Sentence boundaries are easier to fix when you identify complete independent clauses.
- A comma alone cannot join two independent clauses.
- A semicolon can join closely related independent clauses.
- Apostrophes show possession or omitted letters in contractions.
05
Literary analysis
Move from what the text says to how choices in the text create meaning.
- Name the specific technique or pattern you are analyzing.
- Quote selectively.
- Explain the effect in the context of the work.
06
Rhetorical analysis
Analyze how a writer or speaker adapts choices to audience, purpose, and situation.
- Look at claims, evidence, organization, diction, and appeals.
- Avoid treating ethos, pathos, and logos as labels without analysis.
- Connect choices to intended effects.
07
Research writing
A research paper combines your reasoning with evidence from credible sources.
- Keep source notes separate from your own wording.
- Record citation information while researching.
- Paraphrases still require citations.
08
Revision
Revise in layers: ideas, organization, evidence, sentences, then proofreading.
- Read the draft for one goal at a time.
- Cut repetition before adding more material.
- Read sentences aloud to catch awkward wording.
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